Dry Eye

Dry Eye: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment

Written by Vasileios Kozobolis, founder of the Hellenic Center for Research & Therapy of Eye Diseases (ELKETHOP)

Full Medical Biography

What is Dry Eye?

Natural tears act as a protective shield for the eyes, keeping vision clear and comfortable. Some people are unable to produce enough tears to self-protect, causing their eyes to become dry and very sensitive. This condition is called dry eye, and if left untreated, it can become harmful to the eye.

Why We Need Tears

Tears are a complex fluid secreted by the glands around the eye. Their function is both mechanical and lubricating. Tears help repel bacteria and allergens while also protecting vision. Each time we blink, this layer is refreshed, keeping the eyes hydrated. Tears are also linked to injuries and strong emotions, but people with dry eye often experience minimal relief from symptoms even when crying.

Symptoms

• Feeling of a foreign object in the eye
• Itching
• Burning sensation
• Blurred vision that clears with blinking
• Redness of the eyes
• Infections (in more severe cases)
• Corneal melting (from complete lack of tears)
• Sensitivity to smoke and wind

Risk Factors

Many factors can cause dry eye. Some of these include hormonal changes, lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid disorders, diabetes, and shingles (herpes zoster).

Appropriate Treatment for Dry Eye

Treatment typically involves the topical use of drops and ointments, often available over-the-counter, such as preservative-free artificial tears.

It is important to know that different eye drops have different formulations, and each patient’s needs vary. Some drops are watery and provide short-term relief, while others are thicker and last longer.

Classic artificial tears are most frequently recommended by ophthalmologists because they provide better relief and are less likely to cause irritation.

In some cases, the doctor may prescribe special soft contact lenses to help hydrate the eye.

Simple Daily Habits to Keep Your Eyes Hydrated

Relieve Dry Eye Discomfort by drinking plenty of water throughout the day. Make a conscious effort to blink more frequently, especially when sitting in front of a computer or watching TV. Finally, avoid rubbing your eyes, as this can harm overall vision quality and may introduce bacteria from your hands.